Showing posts with label toe walking. Show all posts
Showing posts with label toe walking. Show all posts

Tuesday, December 19, 2017

Toe Walking and Severe Autism Spectrum Disorder

Toe Walking and Severe Autism Spectrum DisorderToe Walking and Severe Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Research published research evaluating toe walking and severe Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).  Two studies were carried out.  In study number one, 69 individuals with ASD and intellectual disability (average age 14 years old) were observed in the clinic and interviews took place with the main caregivers.

The results indicated the following for toe walking and severe Autism Spectrum Disorder:

  • toe walking was present in 32% of the subjects.
  • toe walking occurred when standing, walking and running (45.5%), when walking and running (18.4%), or only when running (36.4%).
  • toe walking subjects were more frequently nonverbal
  • there was no significant difference in ASD severity between toe walking and non-toe walking subjects.

The second study was to determine if the floor surface had an effect on toe walking.  For this study, 14 individuals with ASD participated (7 toe walkers and 7 non-toe walkers).  The results indicated that a soft floor surface (foam mats) made a substantial difference in reducing the toe walking during static and/or dynamic tasks.

The researchers concluded that further evaluation is needed to clarify the potential pathophysiological implications of this toe walking.

Reference:  Valagussa, G., Trentin, L., Balatti, V., & Grossi, E. (2017). Assessment of presentation patterns, clinical severity, and sensorial mechanism of tip‐toe behavior in severe ASD subjects with intellectual disability: A cohort observational study. Autism Research.

Read more about toe walking:

  1.  Motor Skills, Sensory Processing, and Toe Walking
  2.  Prevalence of Toe Walking
  3.  Idiopathic Toe Walking and Left Handedness
  4.  Toe Walking and Autism
  5.  Idiopathic Toe Walking and Botox

Taming Idiopathic Toe Walking: A Treatment Guide for Parents and Therapists is a great electronic or print book that provides a non-invasive, efficient and effective sensory treatment strategy for children and adolescents that display atypical toe walking.

Written by renowned Occupational Therapist, Ileana S. McCaigue, OTR/L, ‘Taming Idiopathic Toe Walking: A Treatment Guide for Parents and Therapists’ serves as a definitive manual for children and adolescents that display atypical toe walking behaviors. Inspired by the overcoming of toe walking by numerous children during her years of practice,  McCaigue’s professional expertise and personal experiences are fused into a powerful resource.  FIND OUT MORE.

Toe Walking and Severe Autism Spectrum Disorder

 

The post Toe Walking and Severe Autism Spectrum Disorder appeared first on Your Therapy Source.

Friday, March 24, 2017

New Book on Idiopathic Toe Walking

Taming Idiopathic Toe Walking EbookRenowned Occupational Therapist, Ileana S. McCaigue, OTR/L  and author of Typical Classroom Sensory-Based Problem Behaviors & Suggested Therapeutic Interventions and Autism Sleeps™, has written a new book entitled Taming Idiopathic Toe Walking: A Treatment Guide for Parents and Therapists.  This new book provides a non-invasive, efficient and effective sensory treatment strategy for children and adolescents that display atypical toe walking.   It serves as a definitive manual for children and adolescents that display atypical toe walking behaviors. Inspired by the overcoming of toe walking by numerous children during her years of practice, McCaigue’s professional expertise and personal experiences are fused into a vitally, powerful resource.

Taming Idiopathic Toe Walking Cover

This book is an easy-to-read guide for parents and pediatric, rehabilitation therapists with information on the categories and treatment of atypical toe walking behaviors. This manual explains when toe walking is considered developmentally unusual for a child’s age, and idiopathic or done for no known reason. Idiopathic toe walking is often associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders, ADHD, Specific Learning Disabilities, Developmental Delays and other disabilities with sensory processing difficulties, but can occur with typical children, as well. This book serves as a thorough resource for use of an alternative treatment strategy to “calm” the toes, and enable a typical walking pattern in those challenged with idiopathic toe walking.  The ultimate goal is the prevention of tendon shortening and resultant limited motions of the ankles and feet from prolonged toe walking that can ultimately lead to the need for injections, bracing or at worst, surgery, to remediate the muscular imbalance.

Taming Idiopathic Toe Walking: A Treatment Guide for Parents and Therapists provides step-by-step instruction of how to make “Toe Tamers”, a unique remediation tool that provides the sensory input that a child or adolescent with idiopathic toe walking needs to overcome this potentially serious problem behavior. A protocol and usage guide is available for: 1) How heavy to make the Toe Tamers, 2) How to apply them, 3) How often they should be worn, and 4) How long to use them to calm the toes. This would enable relaxation of the feet to stand with full weight bearing on the floor with or without socks and shoes.  In addition, a HOME Program sheet is included in English and Spanish to instruct parents on the rationale for applying the Toe Tamers, as well as when and how to effectively use them.

Additionally, forms are available for logging the impact of the Toe Tamers. A record and graphs are included to track progress on the length of time, as well as the reduction of heel height, as the Toe Tamers effectively help the toes to lower the entire foot onto a flat surface.

As the author explains, her book introduces a sensory treatment strategy for idiopathic toe walking that all should consider exploring.

“Children with idiopathic toe walking whose feet are always bouncing on their toes, seem to calm their bodies down after their feet are relaxed. If you think about it, when your feet hurt or figuratively scream at you internally, you cannot relax your body. So, it would make sense that by calming the toes and relaxing the feet, that these children’s bodies would relax overall, as well! It is by providing the sensory input needed by these children’s feet, that their toes can lower and enable a typical pattern of walking.  Using a holistic, sensory strategy in lieu of more traditional interventions will give their feet the input needed to help them overcome this problem behavior,” says McCaigue.

The book is unique in the marketplace due to the author’s own successful use of its methods over a lifetime of experience.  “I personally implemented the strategies outlined in this book over the past 27 of my 40 years as an Occupational Therapist working with children. I hope this easy-to-make, therapeutic, sensory strategy will help many children with idiopathic toe walking, and prevent the need for surgery or other more invasive treatment techniques. My goal is to help children with the least restrictive, most effective and efficient way to remediate atypical toe walking,” McCaigue explains.

About the Author:

A 1977 summa cum laude graduate from the Medical College of Georgia in Augusta, Georgia, Ileana S. McCaigue, OTR/L.  She is a nationally certified/ registered and licensed Occupational Therapist, author, program developer, holistic clinician and educator with 40 years of experience. Her professional career and expertise include a continuum of care. These range from the neonatal intensive care unit to pediatric concerns in the home, school and community for developmental delays, especially for strategy implementation to manage sensory-based problem behaviors.

Ileana has worked in a variety of pediatric settings that included over 20 years with Special Education students in public schools at the elementary, middle, and high school levels. She currently works with children in several clinics and at community sites. Ileana also sees private clients with special needs to provide home and community based treatment as needed, including sensory integration therapy, interactive metronome and other brain-based interventions to improve sensory-based problem behaviors. She also serves as a holistic consultant providing recommendations to facilitate the development of a “wellness home” environment for children and adults.

Ileana was the recipient of the Barbara S. Grant Award from the Georgia O.T. Association for her dedication and lifetime of outstanding service, as well as a recipient for the Maddak Award in the area of physical disability.

Taming Idiopathic Toe Walking Cover

PURCHASE Taming Idiopathic Toe Walking: A Treatment Guide for Parents and Therapists

The post New Book on Idiopathic Toe Walking appeared first on Your Therapy Source.

Tuesday, February 3, 2015

Motor Skills, Sensory Processing and Toe Walking

Toe Walking, Motor Skills and Sensory Processing from www.YourTherapySource.comI ran across a blogpost recently on TheGaitGuys discussing idiopathic toe walking in children. They mentioned a recent article in the Journal of Child Neurology that investigated the differences between the motor skills and sensory processing abilities of children who do and do not have an idiopathic toe walking gait.  Sixty children (30 with idiopathic toe walking and 30 without), ages 4 though 8, were tested with a number of norm referenced assessments.

The results indicated that when compared to children who did not toe walk, children with an idiopathic toe walking gait had:

1.  different Sensory Profile quadrant scores

2.  poorer performance on the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency

3.  lower vibration perception threshold

4.  poorer performance on the Standing Walking Balance subtest of the Sensory Integration and Praxis Test.

TheGiatGuys blog post discusses how  the researchers "found that only the areas of balance, upper body coordination and bilateral coordination were areas found to be problematic in the toe walkers. These 3 components require the integration of the tactile, vestibular and proprioceptive systems as a team".

The research does not reveal a direct cause for toe walking gait but it does provide some suggestions as to why idiopathic toe walking may not be truly idiopathic after all.

References:

TheGaitGuys. Toe Walking in Children. Do you know what you are dealing with ? Part 2.  Retrieved from the web on 2/3/15 at http://thegaitguys.tumblr.com/post/103571941844/toe-walking-in-children-do-you-know-what-you-are.

Cylie M. Williams, Paul Tinley, Michael Curtin, Suzanne Wakefield, and Sharon Nielsen
Is Idiopathic Toe Walking Really Idiopathic? The Motor Skills and Sensory Processing Abilities Associated With Idiopathic Toe Walking Gait. J Child Neurol January 2014 29: 71-78, first published on January 24, 2013 doi:10.1177/0883073812470001

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25 Bilateral Coordination Exercises fromhttp://yourtherapysource.com/bilateralcoordination.html

Title: 25+ Bilateral Coordination Exercises
By: Your Therapy Source

Summary: Download of 28 bilateral coordination exercise sheets including QR codes with links to video demonstration of exercises. Also includes hand out explaining bilateral coordination.

Find out more at http://yourtherapysource.com/bilateralcoordination.html

 

Wednesday, July 25, 2012

Prevalence of Toe Walking



Pediatrics will be publishing research on toe walking in children.  A recent study looked at almost 1500 five and half year old children from Sweden.  For children with a diagnosis of developmental delay or neuropsychiatric disorders, such as an autism spectrum disorder, more than 40 percent of children were currently or had been toe-walkers.    


The study revealed that about 5% of the group of children had idiopathic toe walking.  Most of the 5% started off walking on their toes and less started toe walking in the first year of walking.  More than half of the children with a history of idiopathic toe walking were no longer toe walkers at 5.5 years of age.


This research confirmed that toe walking has a higher prevelance in children with a cognitive disorder but no cause and effect relationship was established.


Reference: Pähr Engström and Kristina Tedroff. The Prevalence and Course of Idiopathic Toe-Walking in 5-Year-Old Children. Pediatrics peds.2012-0225; Published online July 23, 2012 (10.1542/peds.2012-0225) 


Check out previous blog posts on toe walking:

Tuesday, February 22, 2011

Toe Walking and Autism

The Journal of Child Neurology published research on a review of records of 934 children with a history of tight heel cords and toe walking. Toe walking (20.1%) and tight heel cords (12%) were present more often in the 324 children with autism but lower in 30 children with Asperger Syndrome (10% with toe walking and 3% with tight heel cords). The researchers reaffirmed previous research that toe walking is more prevalent in children with autism and are concerned there may be a secondary orthopedic deformity in this population.

Reference: William J. Barrow, Margie Jaworski,and Pasquale J. Accardo. Persistent Toewalking in Autism J Child Neurol 0883073810385344, first published on January 31, 2011 doi:10.1177/0883073810385344

Thursday, May 20, 2010

Idiopathic Toe Walking and Botox

The Journal of Children's Orthopaedics has published research on the use of Botox A in children with idiopathic toe walking. Fifteen children (ages 5-13)with a diagnosis of idiopathic toe walking underwent a gait analysis followed by Botox in the calf muscles and an exercise program. Gait analysis was repeated at 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after treatment. Results from the gait analysis indicated significant improvements in decreased plantar flexion angle at initial contact and during swing phase and increased dorsiflexion during midstance. At 12 months post treatment, parents reported that 3 of the 11 children stopped toe walking completely, 4/11 decreased toe walking, and 4/11 continued to toe walk. The researchers concluded that Botox and exercise treatment for idiopathic toe walking displays gait pattern changes but does not always stop toe walking.

Reference: Pähr Engström1, Elena M. Gutierrez-Farewik1,Åsa Bartonek1, Kristina Tedroff1, Christina Orefelt1 and Yvonne Haglund-Åkerlind1 (2010) Does botulinum toxin A improve the walking pattern in children with idiopathic toe-walking? Journal of Children's Orthopaedics DOI 10.1007/s11832-010-0263-9 Published online 5/12/2010.
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